Adding and Deploying Solutions with PowerShell in SharePoint 2010
Remote Install of SharePoint (with SPModule)
Or you can you the old good days method, like deploying to Sharepoint 2007, there is a WSPBuilder version available for Sharepoint 2010 as well. Here is a review about it.
http://www.sharepointdevwiki.com/display/sp2010/WSPBuilder+for+SharePoint+2010+in+Visual+Studio+2010
WSPBuilder download URL: http://wspbuilder.codeplex.com/
Stefan Stanev’s Site Template Configurator utility
ASP.NET Web Application Project Deployment Overview